COVID-19疫苗常见问题
根据目前的知识和理解,我们列出了关于COVID-19疫苗的常见问题清单. These questions will continue to evolve with time, so we encourage you to check back frequently for the most up-to-date information.
感谢你们继续通过戴口罩来帮助减缓COVID-19的传播, 保持社交距离, 保持手部卫生.
Common Questions about COVID-19 Vaccines
- Who is currently eligible for the COVID-19 vaccine?
12岁及以上的个人目前有资格接种两剂辉瑞COVID-19疫苗, 而18岁及以上的人可以接种两剂现代疫苗或单剂杨森疫苗.
We encourage everyone in our community to become a # VaccineHero 通过接种疫苗.
5-11岁的儿科患者现在有资格接种两剂辉瑞COVID-19疫苗.
- The vaccine was produced very quickly. 我怎么知道它是安全的?
美国.S. vaccine safety system ensures that all vaccines are as safe as possible. Safety is the top priority while federal partners work to make the COVID-19 vaccines. 不管名字是什么意思, “翘曲速度行动”并不意味着制造商能够在疫苗开发过程中跳过步骤或偷工减料. 而不是, 在研制出疫苗之后, manufacturers took a secured risk 和 overlapped the study, manufacturing 和 distribution phases. FDA承诺在研究的所有阶段给予这些疫苗优先(而不是匆忙)审查, which helped speed up the overall process. 对疫苗有效性和副作用报告的持续监测将继续由FDA和制造商进行评估.
- If I get the COVID-19 vaccine, should I still wear a mask?
是的. 原因如下, 即使在接种疫苗后,口罩和其他经过验证的预防COVID-19的方法(手卫生和保持社交距离)仍然很重要. It typically takes a few weeks for the body to build immunity after vaccination. 这意味着一个人有可能在接种疫苗之前或之后感染导致COVID-19的病毒. This is because the vaccine has not had enough time to provide protection. 也, while the vaccines protect you from becoming ill, it is not yet known if the vaccines prevent you from spreading the virus if infected.
除了, while COVID-19 vaccines are highly effective, 在病毒继续传播期间,有一小部分人可能无法得到保护,包括那些因癌症和癌症治疗而免疫系统受损的人,以及那些因对疫苗成分有严重过敏反应而无法接种疫苗的人.
Masks also help protect against new strains of the virus, for which vaccine effectiveness is still unclear. 出于这些原因, 重要的是,在广泛接种疫苗和病毒不再传播之前,继续采取戴口罩等安全措施.
- If I have already had COVID-19 和 recovered, should I still get the COVID-19 vaccine when it is available?
是的,即使您之前的COVID-19检测呈阳性,此时也建议接种疫苗. 由于与COVID-19相关的严重健康风险以及可能再次感染COVID-19的事实, 以前感染过COVID-19的个人应该继续接种疫苗. 然而, due to limited vaccine supply at this time, 如果你在过去90天内感染了COVID-19,你可能会被要求等待接种疫苗, as the likelihood of reinfection during this time period is likely low.
- Can you contract COVID-19 by getting the vaccine?
No. 这种疫苗不是活疫苗, 和 it is NOT possible to contract COVID-19 from receiving the vaccine. Some people experience side effects from the vaccine, 比如头痛, 肌肉疼痛, or fever – but that does not mean you have COVID-19. It means your body is working to build the necessary immunity against the virus, 这是件好事吗.
- What are the possible side effects/adverse events from the COVID-19 vaccine?
报告的最常见不良反应是疲劳、头痛、发热/发冷和关节痛. This means your body is working to build the necessary immunity against the virus.
你可以阅读更多 辉瑞的FDA简报文件 和 Moderna的FDA简报文件 about the side effects reported among the vaccine study participants for these vaccines.
- Can the COVID-19 vaccine be administered to children?
The COVID-19 vaccine is not indicated for children younger than 16 years old at this time.
- Can the COVID-19 vaccine be administered to pregnant women?
美国妇产科医师学会(ACOG)建议,不应向孕妇隐瞒COVID-19疫苗. 值得注意的是,目前可用的COVID-19疫苗尚未在孕妇中进行测试, so there is no safety data specific to use in pregnancy. 孕妇应在与医疗保健提供者讨论后做出明智的决定.
- 需要注射多少剂? If multiple, when do I get another dose?
The dose regimen for full vaccination will depend on the type of vaccine you receive. For both the Pfizer 和 Moderna vaccine, two doses are required. The second dose of the Pfizer vaccine should be administered 21 days after the first dose. 第二剂Moderna疫苗应在第一剂后28天接种. It is very important to note that the second dose 必须 be from the same manufacturer as the first dose.
Other types of vaccines may only require one dose.
- 如果我在第一次注射后21天(辉瑞)或28天(Moderna)不能获得第二剂,我该怎么办?
建议在第21天或第28天之后尽快接种第二剂疫苗, we underst和 that it might not be possible to receive it on the desired date. This could be due to multiple reasons. 如果您不能在指定日期接种第二剂疫苗,请记住以下几点:
- 你 必须 receive the second dose from the same manufacturer as the first dose.
- Get the second dose as soon as possible after the desired date has passed, as it is better to get the second dose late than not at all. 你 will still experience the same efficacy in the long run, 尽管在第二次注射后的几周内,你可能不会看到免疫的完全效果.
- How long after receiving my full dose regimen until it is considered effective?
类似于流感疫苗, it typically takes a few weeks for the body to build immunity after vaccination. 这意味着一个人可能在接种疫苗之前或之后感染了导致COVID-19的病毒并生病. This is because the vaccine has not had enough time to provide protection. 一般来说, the vaccine is considered effective about two weeks after your full dose regimen, 根据制造商的说法. If you are receiving the Pfizer or Moderna vaccines, 需要两剂, there is evidence that the first dose will begin providing some immunity, but it is still very important to receive the second dose for optimal results.
- 我可以选择接种哪种疫苗吗?
We do not recommend waiting for a specific manufacturer. 所有授权的COVID-19疫苗已被证明可有效降低感染导致COVID-19的SARS-CoV-2病毒的风险, 降低发生重症病例的可能性,减少因COVID-19疾病而住院和死亡的人数. It is recommended that you receive the first vaccine made available to you. Early defense is better than no defense against COVID-19.
- 如果接受两剂治疗, 那些在第一次接种COVID-19疫苗后出现严重副作用的人,是否应该期待在第二次接种时出现严重或更严重的副作用? What about those who were previously COVID-19-positive?
- How long will I need to be observed after I get the vaccine?
在一般情况下, 对于任何有严重过敏反应史的人(由于任何原因),建议观察30分钟。, 和 a 15-minute observation period is recommended for all other individuals.
- Will the COVID-19 vaccine result in a false positive COVID-19 test?
No, COVID-19 vaccination will not cause a false positive COVID-19 viral test. 根据CDC指南, COVID-19疫苗的免疫反应可能导致抗体测试呈阳性, which indicates previous infection 和 potential protection against the virus.
- 如果我在接种第一剂疫苗后呈covid -19阳性,我应该接种第二剂吗?
每 美国疾病控制与预防中心的指导, you may receive the vaccine (either dose) following resolution of symptoms, 如果有任何, 和 completion of the quarantine period.
- What ingredients are included in the COVID-19 vaccines?
Ingredients for authorized COVID-19 vaccines can be found via this CDC link. 对任何疫苗成分过敏的个人应在接种疫苗前与他们的医疗保健提供者讨论.